老管网络日志 | funpower's blog

書名：FreeBSD 6.0架設管理與應用

作者：王俊斌

ISBN：957-527-878-X

出版社：博碩文化

<版權所有，非經授權請勿轉載>

<进   入>

The second beta release of FreeBSD 6.2 is now available . ISO images for Tier-1 architectures are now available on most of the FreeBSD mirror sites.

下载路径： ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/6.2/

The first beta version of FreeBSD 6.2 is now available. The BETA1 ISO images are available on most of the FreeBSD Mirror sites.

下载路径：/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/6.2/

官方发布页    下载地址     KDE 3.5.4 Info Page    KDE 3.5.4改进日志

发表: delphij
时间: 2006/07/21 14:53:04

新的core team名单如下（按得票数排序）：

Robert Watson (剑桥大学PhD Candidate；上届core team成员；网络协议栈、安全及系统架构专家)
Warner Losh (上届core team成员；嵌入式系统专家、NetBSD committer)
Murray Stokely (牛津大学PhD Candidate；Google公司；上届core team成员；OpenDarwin项目committer)
Wilko Bulte (上届core team书记)
Wes Peters (上届core team成员)
George V. Neville-Neil (Yahoo公司；网络协议栈、系统架构专家)
Hiroki Sato (doceng成员；NetBSD及DragonFlyBSD committer)
Brooks Davis (网络驱动及协议栈专家)
Giorgos Keramidas (FreeBSD文档计划活跃成员)

通过此服务器，使内网用户能正常访问INTERNET，这里我们使用FreeBSD自带的BIND来实现DNS的解析，事实上INTERNET上很多DNS都使用了这个软件。基本的操作步骤如下：

◇ DNS父域（edu.cn）给我的信息如下：
域 ->  wxicab.edu.cn
DNS主服务器 -> 58.193.128.55 [dns1.wxicab.edu.cn]
DNS辅服务器 -> 58.193.128.56 [dns2.wxicab.edu.cn]
（本笔记中只架设主服务器的配置过程）

◇ 网卡接口说明：
xl0：3com外网网卡接口

◇ 预先想好的DNS信息表：
Domain：wxicab.edu.cn
DNS Server：dns1.wxicab.edu.cn（58.193.128.55） dns2.wxicab.edu.cn（58.193.128.56）
58.193.128.55  ->  dns1.wxicab.edu.cn （DNS主服务器）
58.193.128.56  ->  dns2.wxicab.edu.cn （DNS辅服务器）
58.193.128.53  ->  wxicab.edu.cn （WEB服务器）
58.193.128.53  ->  www.wxicab.edu.cn （WEB服务器）
58.193.128.52  ->  mail.wxicab.edu.cn （邮件服务器）
58.193.128.51  ->  ftp.wxicab.edu.cn  （文件服务器）
58.193.128.50  ->  windowsupdate.wxicab.edu.cn （Windows升级服务器）
58.193.128.49  ->  virus.wxicab.edu.cn （防病毒服务器）

开始安装：

1、下载并安装FreeBSD6.1Release
从ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/下载FreeBSD6.1Release镜像文件，然后刻成光盘，将服务器设置成从光驱启动，开始安装，安装时我选择最小化安装，开通ftp及ssh。其它的默认安装就可以。具体可参考这篇文章。安装完后重启机器。

2、基本的配置
配置/etc/rc.conf

# cd /etc
# ee rc.conf

内容如下：
hostname="dns1.wxicab.edu.cn"
defaultrouter="58.193.128.254"
ifconfig_xl1="inet 58.193.128.55 netmask 255.255.248.0"
inetd_enable="YES"
linux_enable="YES"
sshd_enable="YES"
usbd_enable="YES"

3、 配置DNS

（1）新建并配置/etc/named/db.wxicab.edu.cn（从主机名到IP的映射）

# cd /etc/namedb
# ee db.wxicab.edu.cn

内容如下：
$TTL 3d
@ IN SOA dns1.wxicab.edu.cn. hostmaster.wxicab.edu.cn. (
                          2006626
                          3h
                          1h
                          1w
                          1h )

                     IN  NS  dns1
                     IN  NS  dns2

                     IN  A   58.193.128.53
                     IN  MX  10  mail.wxicab.edu.cn.
dns1            IN  A   58.193.128.55
dns2            IN  A   58.193.128.56
mail             IN  A   58.193.128.52
ftp                 IN  A    58.193.128.51
windowsupdate     IN  A    58.193.128.50
virus              IN  A   58.193.128.49

www             IN  CNAME  wxicab.edu.cn.

（2）新建并配置/etc/named/db.58.193.128（从IP到主机名的映射）

# cd /etc/namedb
# ee db.58.193.128

内容如下：
$TTL 3d
@ IN SOA dns1.wxicab.edu.cn. hostmaster.wxicab.edu.cn. (
                          2006626
                          3h
                          1h
            &n

bs
p;             1w
                          1h )

                     IN  NS   dns1.wxicab.edu.cn.
                     IN  NS   dns2.wxicab.edu.cn.
56                IN  PTR  dns1.wxicab.edu.cn.
55                IN  PTR  dns2.wxicab.edu.cn.
53                IN  PTR  wxicab.edu.cn.
52                IN  PTR  mail.wxicab.edu.cn.
51                IN  PTR  ftp.wxicab.edu.cn.
50                IN  PTR  windowsupdate.wxicab.edu.cn.
49    IN  PTR  virus.wxicab.edu.cn.

（3）配置locahost.rev文件：

# cd /etc/namedb
# chmod 755 make-localhost
# ./make-localhost

运行后在/etc/namedb/master目录下会自动生成localhost.rev和localhost-v6.rev两个文件；localhost-v6.rev是针对下一代IP，暂时用不到，我的localhost.rev文件的内容为：

$TTL    3600

@       IN      SOA     dns1.wxicab.edu.cn. root.dns1.wxicab.edu.cn.  (
                                20060627        ; Serial
                                3600    ; Refresh
                                900     ; Retry
                                3600000 ; Expire
                                3600 )  ; Minimum
        IN      NS      dns1.wxiabc.edu.cn.
1       IN      PTR     localhost.wxicab.edu.cn.

（4）配置/etc/namedb/named.conf文件：

# cd /etc/namedb
# ee named.conf

内容如下：
options {
        directory       "/etc/namedb";
        pid-file        "/var/run/named/pid";
        dump-file       "/var/dump/named_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/stats/named.stats";
};

zone "." {
        type hint;
        file "named.root";
};

zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
        type master;
        file "master/localhost.rev";
};

zone "wxicab.edu.cn" {
        type master;
        file "db.wxicab.edu.cn";
};

zone "128.193.58.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "db.58.193

.128";
};

（5）开启named服务器，并使其和系统一起启动
在/etc/rc.conf中加入如下一行：

named_enable="YES"

编辑后保存退出。

重启服务器，利用top命令查看，如果有named进程，说明启动正常。然后找一台客户机，将DNS设置成本机IP：58.193.128.55，然后ping edu.cn测试，如果能ping通，说明解析正常。也可以使用nslookup工具测试。

作者：老管（funpower）     email：[email protected]  2006-7-1
参考文章：25.6 域名系统 (DNS)  《DNS与BIND（第四版）》

架设此服务器，使内网用户通过本服务器与外界通讯；基本原理为内网用户通过FreeBSD内自带的网关路由功能（route）与外网进行通讯，服务器的安全性及病毒的防护控制通过FreeBSD的ipfilter来完成。初步架设过程如下：

网卡接口说明：
vr0：外网网卡接口
vr1：内网网卡接口

1、    最小化安装FreeBSD6.1Release
从ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/下载FreeBSD6.1Release镜像文件，然后刻成光盘，将服务器设置成从光驱启动，开始安装，安装时我选择最小化安装，开通ftp及ssh。其它的默认安装就可以。具体可参考这篇文章。安装完后重启机器。

2、    安装内核
将安装光盘放入光驱，然后：

# /usr/sbin/sysinstall

然后选择Configure –> Distributions -> src -> sys，点install，安装完成后重启机器。

3、    基本的配置
配置/etc/rc.conf

# cd /etc
# ee rc.conf

内容如下：
hostname="gatewall.wxic.edu.cn"
defaultrouter="172.16.252.17"
ifconfig_vr0="inet 172.16.252.x netmask 255.255.255.252"
ifconfig_vr1="inet 58.193.11x.25x netmask 255.255.248.0"
inetd_enable="YES"
linux_enable="YES"
sshd_enable="YES"
usbd_enable="YES"
sendmail_enable="NONE"
 
配置/etc/resolv.conf

# ee /etc/resolv.conf

内容如下：
nameserver 58.193.112.1

4、    配置内核，加入对ipfilter的支持

# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
# cp GENERIC funpower
# ee funpower

然后开始编辑内核文件，机器和应用方面的不同会有不同的内核文件，因为需要用到ipfilter，我们加入对ipfilter的支持。在内核中加入如下内容：
options   IPFILTER
options   IPFILTER_LOG
options   IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK
其它选项可以参考这篇文章，然后自己定制。编辑完后保存退出。然后进行如下操作：

# /usr/sbin/config funpower
# cd ../compile/funpower
# make cleandepend
# make depend
# make
# make install

编译完后重启服务器(因为ipfilter默认是阻止所有通讯，所以确保你是在服务器前操作)。

5、    在/etc/rc.conf中加入路由选项

# cd /etc
# ee rc.conf

在最后加入如下几行：
gateway_enable="YES"
static_routes="static1"
route_static1="-net 58.193.11x.0/21 172.16.252.x/30" //说明第一个IP为内网IP范围；第二个IP为外网网卡的网关地址

6、    配置ipfilter
在/etc/rc.conf中加入：
ipfilter_enable="YES"
ipfilter_rules="/etc/ipf.conf"
然后编辑/etc/ipf.conf文件

# cd /etc/
# ee ipf.conf

内容如下：
#环路网卡lo0 
#out in 全部通过
pass in quick on lo0 all
pass out quick on lo0 all

#外网网卡vr0
#out 只让开通的IP通讯
block out quick on vr0 from any to 192.168.0.0/16
block out quick on vr0 from any to 0.0.0.0/8
block out quick on vr0 from any to 169.254.0.0/8
block out quick on vr0 from any to 10.0.0.0/8
block out quick on vr0 from any to 127.16.0.0/12
block out quick on vr0 from any to 127.0.0.0/8
block out quick on vr0 from any to 192.0.2.0/24
block out quick on vr0 from any to 204.152.64.0/23
block out quick on vr0 from any to 224.0.0.0/3

#开通58.193.112.1
pass out quick on vr0 proto tcp/udp from 58.193.112.1/32 to any keep state
pass out quick on vr0 proto icmp from 58.193.112.1/32 to any keep state

#开通58.193.112.3
pass out quick on vr0 proto tcp/udp from 58.193.112.3/32 to any keep state
pass out quick on vr0 proto icmp from 58.193.112.3/32 to any keep state

#开通58.193.113.1
pass out quick on vr0 proto tcp/udp from 58.193.113.1/32 to any keep state
pass out quick on vr0 proto icmp from 58.193.113.1/32 to any keep state

#开通58.193.113.2
pass out quick on vr0 proto tcp/udp from 58.193.113.2/32 to any keep state
pass out quick on vr0 proto icmp from 58.193.113.2/32 to any keep state

block out on vr0 all

#in 阻止一些IP(比如私有IP)和一些病毒攻击端口(如138139445等)
block in quick on vr0 from 192.168.0.0/16 to any
block in quick on vr0 from 172.16.0.0/12 to any
block in quick on vr0 from 10.0.0.0/8 to any
block in quick on vr0 from 127.0.0.0/8 to any
block in quick on vr0 from 0.0.0.0/8 to any
block in quick on vr0 from 169.254.0.0/16 to any
block in quick on vr0 from 192.0.2.0/24 to any
block in quick on vr0 from 204.152.64.0/23 to any
block in quick on vr0 from 224.0.0.0/3 to any
block in quick on vr0 from 58.193.112.0/21 to any

block in quick on vr0 proto udp from any to any port = 69
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp/udp from any to any port = 135
block in quick on vr0 proto udp from any to any port = 137
block in quick on vr0 proto udp from any to any port = 138
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp/udp from any to any port = 139
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp/udp from any to any port = 445
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp/udp from any to any port = 593
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 1022
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 1023
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 1025
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any port = 1034 to any port = 80
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 1068
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 1433
block in quick on vr0 proto udp from any to any port = 1434
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 1871
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 2745
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 3208
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 3127
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 4331
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 4334
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 4444
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any port = 4444 to any
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 4510
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 4557
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 5554
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 5800
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 5900
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 6129
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 6667
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 9995
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 9996
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 10080

block in quick on vr0 all with frags
block in quick on vr0 proto tcp all with short
block in quick on vr0 all with opt lsrr
block in quick on vr0 all with opt ssrr
block in log first quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any flags FUP
block in quick on vr0 all with ipopts

pass in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 80 flags S keep state
pass in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 23 flags S keep state
pass in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = 22 flags S keep state
pass in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = ftp flags S/SA keep state
pass in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port = ftp-data flags S/SA keep state
pass in quick on vr0 proto tcp from any to any port 30000 >< 50001 flags S/SA keep state

pass in quick on vr0 proto icmp from any to any icmp-type 0
pass in quick on vr0 proto icmp from any to any icmp-type 11
block in log quick on vr0 proto icmp from any to any

block in log on vr0 all


#内网网卡vr1
#out 全部通过
pass out on vr1 all
#in 全部通过
pass in on vr1 all

配置完后重启服务器。

找一台客户机测试，首先使用ipf.conf中开通的IP，然后ping edu.cn，可以ping通，说明可以连接外网了。
然后将IP设置为不是开通列表中的IP，如果ping不通，则说明ipf.conf的设置生效了。

作者：老管（funpower）     email：[email protected]  2006-6-30
参考文章：IP Filter Based Firewalls HOWTO 26.5 IPFILTER (IPF) 防火墙(freebsd handbook) 27.2 网关和路由

1、RelaxBSD 2.0 测试版发布

一直使用freebsd+Squid作为代理服务器用，稳定性和性能都不错。一起都是2.5开头的版本，终于Squid组要推出Squid2.6 versions了。

具体信息及改进可以看Squid wiki新闻        2.6文件夹

25 May:
FreeBSD 5.5-RELEASE is now available. Please
check the errata before installation for any
late-breaking news and/or issues with this release. The Release Information page has more information about
FreeBSD releases.