FreeBSD经常用到的配置文件的作用和配置方法[转载]

1. aliases
2. crontab
3. csh.cshrc
4. csh.login
5. csh.logout
6. daily
7. defaultdomain
8. exports
9. fbtab
10.fstab
11.ftpusers
12.group
13.host.conf
14.hosts
15.inetd.conf
16.localtime
17.login.conf
18.make.conf
19.monthly
20.motd
21.netstart—-新版已改名为/etc/rc.network
22.passwd
23.printcap
24.profile
25.rc
26.rc.conf—-代替原来的/etc/sysconfig
27.rc.conf.local—-代替原来的/etc/rc.local
28.rc.i386
29.rc.local—-新版改名为/etc/rc.conf.local
30.rc.network—-代替原来的/etc/netstart
31.resolv.conf
32.services
33.shells
34.sysconfig—-新版已改名为/etc/rc.conf
35.syslog.conf
36.termcap
37.ttys
38.weekly

1. aliases

这个档案主要是告诉 sendmail 要将信转寄给哪些使用者, 或是交由哪个程序处理.

如. root: user1,name2,user3
usenet: "|/usr/local/bin/mail-post.pl"

如上范例, sendmail 会将原先寄给的 root 的信分送给 user1 和 name2 和 user3, 而把寄给 usenet 的信交由 mail-post.pl 处理.

在你修改完之后, 要记得执行 "newaliases" 来更新 /etc/aliases.db

关于 aliases 之详细说明, 请 man aliases 查询.

2. crontab

这是给 root 用的 crontab file, 你也可以杀掉这个档案以 "crontab -e" 来替代.
格式如下…

#分 小时 天 月 礼拜几 用谁的身份 命令
*/5 * * * * root /usr/libexec/atrun

minute: 分钟/小时, 范围自 0 至 59
hour: 小时/天, 范围自 0 至 23
mday: 天/月, 范围自 0 至 31
month: 月/年, 范围自 0 至 12
wday: 天/周, 范围自 0 至 7 (0, 7 表示星期天)
who: 表是以谁的身份执行这个 command
(这只对 /etc/crontab 有用, crontab -e 无此字段)
command: 命令或是 shell script

*/N: 表示每 N 一算, 像小时而言, */3 指的是 0,3,6,9,12

请 man 5 crontab 去看详细说明.

3. csh.cshrc

# 系统内定给 csh shell 用的 .cshrc 檔

## 确定 HOME 目录
setenv HOME $HOME
set home=$HOME
cd $HOME

## 档案权限设定
umask 022

## 就是 Aliases 嘛
alias pftp ‘/usr/local/bin/pftp’
alias free ‘pstat -s|grep -v not’
alias talk ytalk
alias ruptime ‘/usr/bin/ruptime|grep -v down’
alias ftp ncftp
alias rwho ‘/usr/bin/rwho -a|grep -v LOGIN’
alias more less
alias zmore zless
alias m less
alias pss ‘ps auxw|sort -k 2|grep $USER’
alias psm ‘ps auxw|sort -k 1,2|more’
alias psl psm
alias psv ‘ps auxw|grep -v $USER|sort -k 2|more’
alias d ‘/usr/local/bin/colorls -G -alFgk !* | more’
alias dir ‘/usr/local/bin/colorls -G -alFgk !*’
alias rd rmdir
alias md mkdir
alias cls clear
alias cd.. ‘cd ..’
alias del ‘/bin/rm -i’
alias xdel ‘/bin/rm -rf’
alias mv ‘mv -i’
alias dir/w ‘/bin/ls -aFgk’
alias dw ‘/bin/ls -aFgk’
#alias x ‘(startx &)>&/dev/console;sleep 300;lo’
#alias lpr ‘lpr -m’
alias cp ‘cp -i’
alias rm ‘rm -i’
alias lo ‘clear;exit’
alias bye ‘clear;exit’
#alias vi cvi
alias unlo ‘unset autologout;unsetenv autologout’
alias q joe
alias .. ‘cd ..’
alias … ‘cd ../..’
#alias ku ‘ku -W’
alias tin rtin
#alias s ‘exec screen’

## 环境设定
set path = (/sbin /usr/sbin /bin /usr/bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/bin)
set path = ($path /etc /usr/etc /usr/local/etc)
set path = ($path /usr/X11R6/bin /usr/games)
set path = ($path ~ ~/bin .)
set mail = (10 /var/mail/$USER)
set recexact
set autolist
set matchbeep = ambiguous
set autoexpand
set autocorrect
set ignoreeof
set noclobber
set notify
set correct = all
if ( ! $?WINDOW ) then
# set prompt = "%B%m [%/] [%?] -%n- "
set prompt = "%B%m [%/] -%n- "
else
set prompt = "%B%m [%/] -%n- [W$WINDOW] "
endif
set prompt2 = "(%t %m)%~ #%% "
set prompt3 = "%SDo you mean [%R] (y/n/e) ? "
set history = 500
set savehist = 500
set time=100
#set watch=(1 any any)
set symlinks = ignore
set listlinks
set listjobs
set rmstar
set showdots
#set tperiod = 30
# set autologout = (60 2)
#setenv MANPATH /usr/man:/usr/local/man:/usr/man/preformat:/usr/X11/man:/usr/openwin/man
setenv EDITOR /usr/local/bin/joe
setenv VISUAL /usr/local/bin/joe
setenv EXINIT ‘set ai’
setenv LESS "-EsPm-LESS-"
setenv LESSCHARDEF "8bcccbcc18b95.."
setenv PAGER "less -Em"
#setenv PAGER more
setenv LC_CTYPE lt_LN.ISO_8859-1
setenv LANG C
setenv BLOCKSIZE 1k
setenv MACHINE_ARCH i386
setenv MACHINE i386
setenv ORGANIZATION "交大资工 ADONIS"

## X 相关设定
setenv XWINHOME ‘/usr/X11R6’
setenv X11HOME ‘/usr/X11R6’
setenv OPENWINHOME ‘/usr/X11R6’
setenv XKEYSYMDB /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XKeysymDB
setenv XNLSPATH /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/nls
#setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/lib:/usr/X11R6/lib:/usr/local/lib
stty erase ‘^?’

if ( $?TERM ) then
if ($TERM == "xterm" || $TERM == "xterms") then
stty erase ‘^H’
endif
endif

## 杂七杂八设定
#set term = vt100
#set TERM = vt100
#setenv term vt100
#setenv TERM vt100
#stty extb
stty 38400
stty crt
stty -tabs
stty -istrip
stty pass8
unlo
#bindkey "[HOME]" beginning-of-line
#bindkey "[ESC]" keyboard-quit
limit coredumpsize 0

# 给 FSP Client 用
setenv FSP_PORT 21
setenv FSP_HOST nctuccca.edu.tw
setenv FSP_DIR /
setenv FSP_TRACE
setenv FSP_DELAY 3000

# Aii.. 就是 fsp aliases
alias fcat ‘(set noglob; exec fcatcmd !*)’
alias fcd ‘setenv FSP_DIR `(set noglob; exec fcdcmd !*)`;fpwd’
alias fdu (set noglob; exec fducmd !*)
alias ffind (set noglob; exec ffindcmd !*)
alias fget ‘(set noglob; exec fgetcmd !*)’
alias fgrab ‘(set noglob; exec fgrabcmd !*)’
alias fls ‘(set noglob; exec flscmd -F !*)’
alias fll ‘(set noglob; exec flscmd -l !*)’
alias fdir ‘(set noglob; exec flscmd -l !*)’
alias fmore (set noglob; exec fcatcmd !* | more)
alias fpro ‘(set noglob; exec fprocmd !*)’
alias fpwd ‘echo "$FSP_HOST ($FSP_PORT): $FSP_DIR"’
alias frm ‘(set noglob; exec frmcmd !*)’
alias frmdir ‘(set noglob; exec frmdircmd !*)’
alias fhost ‘setenv FSP_HOST !*;setenv FSP_DIR /’

4. csh.login

# 系统内定的 .login 檔.

#stty extb
stty 38400
#stty crt
#stty -tabs
stty -istrip
stty pass8

# Mesg y if not console
mesg y
if ( `tty | cut -c 6-` == console ) then
mesg n
endif

msgs -fp

5. csh.logout

# 系统内定的 .logout
clear
.

6. daily

cron 会依照 /etc/crontab 去做每日例行的工作. 注意一下有些 commands 对你的硬盘造成很大的负荷, 像是最后一行的 "sh /etc/security", 他会从你的根目录开始查询. 你可以加些每天你想要执行的commands, 像是 "quotacheck -a", "bin/rm/-f /tmp*junk*.

7. defaultdomain

这个档案记载你的 domainname, 你有跑 yp (nis) 时才有用. 当然闲闲填一填也没差啦.

8. exports

这个档案定义哪些目录可经由 NFS 给别人使用.
例如 /cdrom -ro host1,host2
/home -maproot=root host3

Notice: 若你没加 "-ro" 表示可以写入, 所以你应当小心点.

做完修正后, "kill -1 $mountd_pid", 然后用 "showmount -e"

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