在安装clusterware时为避免运行root.sh时出现错误，需在第二个节点运行VIPCA，当运行VIPCA时，就出现了如下错误：
crs-1006:No more members to consider
crs-0215:Could not start resource ‘ora.node2.vip’
搜索发现为配置的网关主机不能PING通导致，立即接入一台笔记本，然后将笔记本IP设置为网关IP。点击[retry]，故障排除。
Tag Archive for 'oracle'
安装oracle rac（redhat平台）时，创建asm磁盘时出现failed错误，如下：
[root@node1 /]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdc1
Marking disk “VOL2″ as an ASM disk: [FAILED]
首先查看了asm的状态，如下，状态正常。
[root@node1 /]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm status
Checking if ASM is loaded: yes
Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: yes
接着查看asm的日志，如下：
[root@node1 /]# less /var/log/oracleasm
Creating /dev/oracleasm mount point: /dev/oracleasm
Loading module “oracleasm”: oracleasm
Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm
Reloading disk partitions: done
Cleaning any stale ASM disks…
Scanning system for ASM disks…
oracleasm-read-label: Unable to open device “/dev/sdb1″: No such file or directory
Disk “VOL1″ does not exist or is not instantiated
Instantiating disk “VOL1″
Disk “VOL2″ does not exist or is not instantiated
Instantiating disk “VOL2″
Disk “VOL1″ is a valid ASM disk
Disk “VOL2″ is a valid ASM disk
Device “/dev/sdb1″ is already labeled for ASM disk “VOL1″
Reloading disk partitions: done
Cleaning any stale ASM disks…
Validating disk “VOL1″
Validating disk “VOL2″
Scanning system for ASM disks…
oracleasm-read-label: Unable to open device “/dev/sdb1″: No such file or directory
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
Disk “VOL1″ is a valid ASM disk
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
Disk “VOL2″ is a valid ASM disk
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
Disk “VOL1″ is a valid ASM disk
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
Disk “VOL2″ is a valid ASM disk
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
Device “/dev/sdb1″ is already labeled for ASM disk “VOL1″
Device “/dev/sdc1″ is already labeled for ASM disk “VOL2″
显示为VOL1和VOL2已经存在，所以当我再次创建时就出现了问题。马上把当时创建的这两个ASM删除，如下操作：
[root@node1 /]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm deletedisk VOL1
Removing ASM disk “VOL1″: [ OK ]
[root@node1 /]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm deletedisk VOL2
Removing ASM disk “VOL2″: [ OK ]
然后再次运行创建命令，可以创建了。
[root@node1 /]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdb1
Marking disk “VOL1″ as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@node1 /]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdc1
Marking disk “VOL2″ as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@node1 /]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks
Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [ OK ]
[root@node1 /]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
VOL1
VOL2
环境说明：需要在这个RAC环境中布置NBU备份，ORACLE数据库没启归档所以不能用NBU。只能手工启用归档，并将节点1和节点2的归档放置相应文件夹中。本次配置时NBU客户端安装在节点2上，NBU通过节点2来备份这个RAC数据库。
在节点2上操作查看归档是否启用：
su – oracle
sqlplus /nolog
connect / as sysdba;
archive log list;
数据库日志模式 非存档模式
自动存档 禁用
存档终点 USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
最早的联机日志序列 1
当前日志序列 3
查看后发现未启用归档，进行如下操作可以启用归档：
在节点2上操作：
mkdir /arch1
mkdir /arch2
chown -R oracle:oinstall /arch1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /arch2
chmod -R 777 /arch1
chmod -R 777 /arch2
在节点1上操作：
mkdir /arch1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /arch1
chmod -R 777 /arch1
在节点2上操作（设置归档路径）：
su – oracle
sqlplus /nolog
connect / as sysdba;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1=”location=/arch1″ scope=spfile sid=’sid1′;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1=”location=/arch2″ scope=spfile sid=’sid2′;
在节点2上操作（停止集群中的数据库，然后MOUNT数据库，开始启用归档）：
srvctl stop database -d sid
su – oracle
startup mount
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
srvctl start database -d sid
在节点2上操作（强制生成归档，来查看归档启用是否成功）：
su – oracle
sqlplus /nolog
connect / as sysdba;
alter system switch logfile;
然后进/arch2，查看目录是否生成了归档日志文件
接下来需要将节点1上的/arch1通过NFS映射给节点2上的/arch1目录。因为NBU备份客户端只装在节点2上，当NBU开始备份/arch1下的归档文件时，会因为目录下没有文件而出错，所以这里要求将节点1上的/arch1目录映射给节点2上的/arch1目录，操作如下：
在节点1上开NFS：
首先查看是否安装：
rpm -qa | grep nfs
rpm -qa | grep portmap
若没有安装，需安装相应包：
rpm -ivh nfs*
rpm -ivh portmap
配置NFS：
vi /etc/exports
添加如下一行：
/arch1 *(rw)
添加完后保存退出
启动NFS：
service portmap start
service nfs start
在节点2上操作，挂载节点1上的/arch1目录：
mount -t nfs -o rw,bg,hard,nointr,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,tcp,vers=3,timeo=600,actimeo=0 10.10.10.1:/arch1 /arch1
写下WIN下常用的NETBACKUP6.5命令：
1、默认安装位置：C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\
2、启动及停止netbackup
（1）停止
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin>bpdown
NetBackup 6.5 — Shutdown Utility
NetBackup software will be shutdown. This may cause backups to fail.
Do you wish to proceed? (y/n) y
Shutting down services
Calling nbproxyreq to cleanup nbproxy processes.
Shutdown completed successfully.
（2）启动
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin>bpup
NetBackup 6.5 — Startup Utility
NetBackup services are about to be started.
Do you wish to proceed? (y/n) y
Starting services
Start up completed successfully.
3、列出可用磁带信息
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\goodies>available_media.cmd
media media robot robot robot side/ ret size status
ID type type # slot face level KBytes
—————————————————————————-
CatalogBackup pool
DataStore pool
NetBackup pool
0401L3 HCART3 TLD 0 2 - - - AVAILABLE
0402L3 HCART3 TLD 0 3 - - - AVAILABLE
0403L3 HCART3 TLD 0 4 - - - AVAILABLE
0404L3 HCART3 TLD 0 5 - - - AVAILABLE
0405L3 HCART3 TLD 0 6 - - - AVAILABLE
0406L3 HCART3 TLD 0 7 - - - AVAILABLE
0407L3 HCART3 TLD 0 8 - - - AVAILABLE
0408L3 HCART3 TLD 0 9 - - - AVAILABLE
0409L3 HCART3 TLD 0 10 - - - AVAILABLE
wxgadpt pool
0420L3 HCART3 TLD 0 73 - 3 55693440 ACTIVE
041YL3 HCART3 TLD 0 71 - - - AVAILABLE
041ZL3 HCART3 TLD 0 72 - - - AVAILABLE
0421L3 HCART3 TLD 0 74 - - - AVAILABLE
0422L3 HCART3 TLD 0 75 - - - AVAILABLE
0423L3 HCART3 TLD 0 76 - - - AVAILABLE
0424L3 HCART3 TLD 0 77 - - - AVAILABLE
0425L3 HCART3 TLD 0 78 - - - AVAILABLE
0426L3 HCART3 TLD 0 79 - - - AVAILABLE
0427L3 HCART3 TLD 0 80 - - - AVAILABLE
040AL3 HCART3 TLD 0 11 - 3 356334144 FULL
040BL3 HCART3 TLD 0 12 - 3 356334144 FULL
040CL3 HCART3 TLD 0 13 - 3 356334240 FULL
040DL3 HCART3 TLD 0 14 - 3 356334240 FULL
040EL3 HCART3 TLD 0 15 - 3 356333888 FULL
040FL3 HCART3 TLD 0 16 - 3 356333888 FULL
040GL3 HCART3 TLD 0 17 - 3 356333984 FULL
040HL3 HCART3 TLD 0 18 - 3 356334240 FULL
040IL3 HCART3 TLD 0 19 - 3 356334240 FULL
040JL3 HCART3 TLD 0 20 - 3 356334240 FULL
wxgajwpt pool
040UL3 HCART3 TLD 0 31 - 3 5679104 ACTIVE
040VL3 HCART3 TLD 0 32 - 3 22806528 ACTIVE
040WL3 HCART3 TLD 0 33 - 3 8496672 ACTIVE
040YL3 HCART3 TLD 0 35 - - - AVAILABLE
0410L3 HCART3 TLD 0 37 - - - AVAILABLE
0411L3 HCART3 TLD 0 38 - - - AVAILABLE
0412L3 HCART3 TLD 0 39 - - - AVAILABLE
0413L3 HCART3 TLD 0 40 - - - AVAILABLE
040XL3 HCART3 TLD 0 34 - 3 0 FROZEN
040ZL3 HCART3 TLD 0 36 - 3 0 FROZEN
wxgaqbpt pool
040TL3 HCART3 TLD 0 30 - 3 284681952 ACTIVE
040PL3 HCART3 TLD 0 26 - - - AVAILABLE
040QL3 HCART3 TLD 0 27 - - - AVAILABLE
040KL3 HCART3 TLD 0 21 - 3 356330752 FULL
040LL3 HCART3 TLD 0 22 - 3 356330464 FULL
040ML3 HCART3 TLD 0 23 - 3 356330976 FULL
040NL3 HCART3 TLD 0 24 - 3 356330752 FULL
040OL3 HCART3 TLD 0 25 - 3 356331008 FULL
040RL3 HCART3 TLD 0 28 - 3 356330752 FULL
040SL3 HCART3 TLD 0 29 - 3 356330848 FULL
4、单盘磁带信息
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpmedialist -m 040JL3
Server Host = p570b01
id rl images allocated last updated density kbytes restores
vimages expiration last read <——- STATUS ——->
——————————————————————————–
040JL3 3 22 2010-06-18 02:19 2010-06-19 02:48 hcart3 356334240 0
22 2010-07-20 02:48 N/A FULL
5、解除冻结(FROZEN)的磁带
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpmedia -unfreeze -m 040XL3
6、使磁带过期及可写
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpexpdate -m 040ZL3 -d 0
7、列出备份文件目录
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin>bplist -C p570b01 -t 4 -R /
cntrl_236_1_722661541:\
al_235_1_722661254:\
al_234_1_722661063:\
al_233_1_722661063:\
bk_232_1_722660906:\
bk_231_1_722660580:\
bk_230_1_722660175:\
bk_229_1_722659849:\
声明：此文档仅作参考，如出现任何问题，文档编写者不承担任何责任！水平有限，文中定有错误之处，见谅！编写：老管，email：funpower#gmail.com
NBU服务器端由一台IBM 226服务器及一台昆腾虚拟带库组成，需备份的客户端为安装AIX5.3的IBM小机，备份的对象为ORACLE 10G数据库。
整个备份的拓扑图如下：
环境说明：
1、NBU备份主服务器与昆腾虚拟带库已配置完成
2、次只为增加的一台Oracle数据库服务器安装NBU客户端相关软件并调试，然后在NBU备份主服务器上添加此客户端并建立备份策略等相关调试
3、IP地址（化名）：
NBU备份主服务器：10.31.111.111
Oracle数据库服务器：10.31.111.100
操作步骤：
1、配置Oracle数据库服务器的hosts文件
#cd /etc
#vi hosts
添加一行：
10.31.111.111 nbuserver
保存退出。
2、安装NBU clients软件
通过FTP将NBU客户端软件上传至小机的TMP目录下，然后运行：
#cd /tmp
#chmod –R 777 unixclients
#cd unixclients
#./install
Symantec Installation Script
Copyright 1993 – 2007 Symantec Corporation, All Rights Reserved.
Installing NetBackup Client Software
NOTE: To install NetBackup Server software, insert the appropriate
NetBackup Server cdrom.
Do you wish to continue? [y,n] (y) //输入y
Do you want to install the NetBackup client software for this client? [y,n] (y) //输入y
This package will install RS6000/AIX5 client.
This package will install NetBackup client 6.5.
Enter the name of the NetBackup server : nbuserver //输入NBU备份主服务器hostname
Would you like to use “oracle1″ as the configured
name of the NetBackup client? [y,n] (y) //输入y，使用原小机的hostsname:oracle1
确认后，就开始安装NBU客户端软件，安装的默认路径为/usr/openv/netbackup。
3、配置和查看bp.conf
#cd /usr/openv/netbackup
#cat bp.conf
SERVER = nbuserver
CLIENT_NAME = oracle1
4、安装database agent
将database agent安装文件上传至上机的/tmp文件夹中，然后：
#cd /tmp
#chmod –R 777 /agents
#./install
Symantec Installation Script
Copyright 1993 – 2007 Symantec Corporation, All Rights Reserved.
Installation Options
1 NetBackup Add-On Product Software
2 NetBackup Database Agent Software
q To quit from this script
Choose an option [default: q]: 2 //选择2，安装database agent
**********
There are two ways to install database agent software.
1. Remote Installation: Loads the software on a server with
the intent of pushing database software out to affected clients.
2. Local Installation: Loads and installs the software only to this
local machine.
**********
Do you want to do a local installation? [y,n] (n) y //进行本地安装
**********
NetBackup Database Agent Installation
Choose the Database Agents you wish to install
one at a time or select Install All Database Agents.
1) NetBackup for DB2
2) NetBackup for Informix
3) NetBackup for Lotus Notes
4) NetBackup for Oracle
5) NetBackup for SAP
6) NetBackup for Sybase
7) Install All Database Agents
q) Done Selecting Agents
x) Exit from this Script
Choose an option: 4 //选择oracle
Choose an option: q //完成选择操作
You have chosen to install these Database Agents:
NetBackup for Oracle
Is this list correct? [y,n] (y) //确定安装oracle agents
5、编辑sh备份脚本
Database agent安装完后，会在/usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/rman中有一些例子文件，利用其中的一个，运行：
#cd /usr/openv/netbackup/ext/db_ext/oracle/samples/rman
#cp hot_database_backup.sh hot_database_backup.10.31.111.100.sh
然后使用vi编辑该sh，只需修改如下参数：
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/10G
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl2
export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_USER=oracle
TARGET_CONNECT_STR=/
完成设置后，保存退出。
6、链接NetBackup for Oracle 和RMAN
#su – oracle
#cd /usr/openv/netbackup/bin
#./oracle_link
Mon Mar 15 11:29:34 BEIST 2010
All Oracle instances should be shutdown before running this script.
Please log into the Unix system as the Oracle owner for running this script
Do you want to continue? (y/n) [n] y //输入y，开始安装
LIBOBK path: /usr/openv/netbackup/bin
ORACLE_HOME: /oracle/product/10G
Oracle version: 10.2.0.3.0
Linking LIBOBK:
ln -s /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/libobk.a64 /oracle/product/10G/lib/libobk.a
Done
Please check the trace file located in /tmp/make_trace.856304
to make sure the linking process was successful.
出现上面文字后，说明动态链接库已链接成功。
7、NBU备份主服务器设置
首先设置主服务器的hosts文件，将IBM小机的hostname:oracle1添加至hosts中，用记事本打开c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts，添加如下：
10.31.111.100 oracle1
打开NBU主界面，开始为10.31.111.100创建一个备份策略
在policies上点右键选择new policy，输入相应策略名称后点击确定
设置attributes选项卡，policy类型选择oracle，policy storage unix选择有效的存储单元
设置Schedules选项卡，点击选项卡下面的New…按扭，新建一个备份日程，选择automatic full backup，全备，frequency选择每星期一次备份，retention选择保留两个星期
备份开始时间为星期日晚上9点开始
设置完后，schedules有两个备份策略，全备和增量备份
设置clients，输入IBM小机的hostname:oracle1，操作系统选择RS6000/AIX5
设置backup selections，将上面新建并编辑好的.sh备份脚本输入至对话框中，点击确定后，完成策略的新建
开始测试备份，在新建的policies的10.31.111.100上点右键选择Manual Backup…，手动启动备份
转至Activity Monitor，查看备份情况
至此，IBM小机上的ORACLE已经可以定期的备份至昆腾虚拟磁带库中。
